- Paralinguistics(includes)
- Tone of voice
- Emphasis/intonation
- Eye contact
- is used to provide cues in a conversation and ensure it flows more smoothly.
- Facial expressions are:
- largely genetic
- more revealing on the left side of the face
- controlled by the right side of the brain
- more likely to express your real feelings than language
- Posture
- Postural echoing can be used to create a positive/friendly impression
- Open postures create an impression of honesty and friendliness
- Closed postures create an impression of coldness/hostility
- Squatting down next to a customer can increase tips
- Touching someone can make you seem friendlier
- Personal space
- Sex – members of the opp. sex want more space between them
- Age – we stand further apart from people of a different age
- Personality – extroverts stand closer to people
- Culture – Arabian cultures stand closer to each other than European ones.
- Status – people of different status stand further apart from each other.
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Test It!
- What is ‘paralinguistics’?
- What affect does eye contact have on conversation flow?
- What can you say about the relationship between facial expression and the hemispheres of the brain?
- Describe three postures and the impact they might have on the person who witnesses them.
- How might postural echoing be used to get positive results in a work context?
- What affect do the following have on personal space? Gender, age, culture, personality and status.
- Describe two studies which have been conducted on personal space. Be sure to mention the aim of the study, what methods were used and what the results and conclusions were.
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Some top tips!
- Print out the Test It! Questions – it will allow you to replicate exam conditions and also allows you to give your eyes a rest from the computer screen whilst doing your crucial revision.
- Make a copy of the Remember It! Section and put in a place that you often look at. i.e. front of a journal, next to a mirror, on a kitchen cupboard door, etc. That way you can do some cheeky revision whilst doing those things you have to do!